Instructional Technologies used in K-12 Education

Distance education has been available to K-12 students for over 100 years, and though distance education technologies have changed over the years, some of the original technologies are still being used. The technologies that have been used in K-12 distance education are described in the below figure. Distance education technologies began with instructional films then moved on to print or correspondence, audio, television and finally accumulating to Web-based instruction. The current Web-based instruction includes print, audio, video and simulations. The new technologies make online education accessible to more people and thus drive the enrollment to online schools.

Educational technologies that have been used in K-12 distance education

Educational technologies that have been used in K-12 distance education

References

Associated Press. (1961). Radio stations to take over if TV classes halt. The Kokomo Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.newspapers.com/image/2743886

Clark, T. (2012). History of K-12 online learning. Virtual school MOOC. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://virtualschoolmooc.wikispaces.com/

Clark, T. (2013). The evolution of K-12 distance education and virtual schools. In M. G. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (3 ed., pp. 555-573). New Your, NY: Routledge.

Dunae, P. A. (1992). Correspondence education. Retrieved March 20, 2013, 2011, from http://www.viu.ca/homeroom/content/topics/programs/corresp.htm

Hezel Associates. (1998). Educational telecommunications and distance learning: The state-by-state analysis, 1998-99. Syracuse, NY: Hezel Associates. Retrieved from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED438781.pdf

Kurtz, E. B. (1959). Pioneering in educational television 1932-39 (A documentary presentation). Iowa City, IA: State University of Iowa.

Mitchell, S. C. (1923). For the 90 per cent. The School Review, 31(6), 439-444. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1079372

Pease, P. S., & Tinsley, P. J. (1986). Reaching rural schools using an interactive satellite based educational network: Evaluating TI-IN network’s first year. Paper presented at the National Rural and Small Schools Consortium, Bellingham, WA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED281681). Retrieved from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED281681.pdf

Saettler, P. (2004). The evolution of American educational technology. Charlotte, NC: Information Age.

Watson, J. F., & Kalmon, S. (2005). Keeping pace with K–12 online learning: A review of state-level policy and practice. Retrieved from http://www.learningpt.org/pdfs/tech/Keeping_Pace2.pdf

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